John w



;- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JonN- w. HYATT, CHARLES s. LOOKWOOD, AND John H.- srnvnxs, or "NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO THE BONSILATE COMPANY. or SAME PLACE.

FACTlTlOUS MATERIAL TO IMITATE lVORY, HORN, 80C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 236,034, dated December 28, 1880.

" Application filed March 1, 1880. (Specimens) 1'0 all whom t't may concern terials which we use may be varied within cer- Be it known that We, JOHN W. HYATT, tain general limitations, and that a large va- CHARLES S. LooKwooD, and JOHN H. S re: riety of substances may be-made'use of with- VENs, of Newark, in the county of Essex and out essentially changing-the result.

5 State of New Jersey, -have invented a new The form in which the materialsare used is 5 5 and useful Improvement in Factitious Matea matter of judgment, and may be varied, if rial to'imitate Ivory, Horn, &c.,' of which the desired. It is preferred, however, that they following specification is a full, clear, and exbe ina dry, powdered condition when putinto act description. the molds.

to The invention has relation tothe production It being difficult to obtain a satisfactory 6o- 1' .of a. material having the general appearance quality of bone -dust,we manufacture from and many of the characteristics of ivory, the selected bone a perfectly clean and dry powmaterial itself, as well as the processes .by der, entirely free from grease in any form. It ivhich ,it is produced, being, we believe, new is important that every trace of grease be ren the arts. moved, as its presence, even in very-small We have discovered that bone-dust, when quantities, may prejudice the result... Au. ex: subjected to suitable heat and pressure, hecellent powder can be produced bybreaking comes-welded so as to form a solid homogenethe bone intosmall pieces and washing it in a ous mass, and, further, that bycombining tumbling-barrel. One per cent. ofparbonate 2o therewith appropriate water-repellents the of soda may be added to thexgater and the material is rendered impervious to moisture barrel actuated for, say, an hour. The soluand its character otherwise enhanced. tion should then be drawn off and the barrel We have further discovered certain (lesirafilled with a fresh admixture of they same ble methods of practicing ourinvention, which character and strength, and again actuated z 5 are hereinafter described, and which, with the for a period of, say, four or five hours. The 7.5 ingredients em 'iloyed, arein part the subject bone will then be thoroughly washed to reof this specification. move the soda, and after beingproperly dried We describe hereinafter several desirable will be ground in any convenient way. methods of carrying; out our invention, which To serve as the water-repellent we have pre- 0 may be made use of at will, according to the paired a solution consisting of four parts of inclination of the operator and the circuin-- bleached shellac, one part of borax, and six stances of the case. n parts of water, theingredients being thor- One method which we have practiced with oughly dissolved by heating the Water or othvery satisfactory results involves the employerwise. The water is employed chiefly as a 35 mer t of bone-dust or its equivalent, gums, vehicle, as hereinafter explained, so that the pils, or other appropriate water-repellents, and proportion given is not essential; but the quan:

' an acid. We include within the words bonctity We specify is convenient and effeetuates net or its equivalent any and every form of satisfactorily the objects for which it is used.

' East or powder produced from bone or ivoryi; The bone;du st and solution of gum, having 0 uthorn,hoofl-orotheranimalsubstancemaybe been thus made'ready, are brought together 90.

{used in connection with theacidsaiulothersu'bin the proportion of seventeen pounds ot'bonestances in the processes hereinafter described. dust to twenty-one ponndspfthe solution of Any kind of vegetable gum may be employed; gum and thoroughly mixed. This may be conbut we recommend shellac OlL ma], especially vemently accomplished by grinding the two 45 the former; and in lieu of a gum, an oil or together in a paint-mill, or mill of analogous 5 other water-repellent may be made use of, if construction, n which case the water performs preferred. Any acid will produce a result a useful function asavehiclein conveying the but we prefer the nrystalllzable ucids,particuelements of the solution, so-that they are larly borucic, which possesses marked advanbrought directly in contact and united with 5o gages. It .viil be seen, therclbre, thatthoina, the particles of dust. If it be desired to color the material, the coloriugvmatter should be introduced at the time the dust aml solution of gum are brought; together, and with them subjectedto the grinding action of the mill.

5 The color may be applied in the form of either a solution or pigment, according to circumstances. After the bone-(lust and solution of gum, in the proportions hereinbefore stated, have been properly united, the admixture is placed in an evaporating-pan and one'and 0ne-half pound of boracic acid in the form of crystals added. The complete formula. therefore, will be, of bone-dust, seventeen parts; of the solution of gum, twenty-one parts; of bor5 racic acid, one and one-half part. The elfect of the boracic acid will be to precipitate the shellac, to facilitate which the contents of the pan should be constantly stirred until nearly .allof the water has disappeared. From the evaporating-pan the material is transferred to a drier of any appropriate construction, where it is carefully treated to free it from the water which remains. In this step itis important that the material be removed from the drier 2 5 as soon as the separation of the-aqueous particles has been fully accomplished. The des- -iccation of the material having been effected, it may be treated witha small percentage of alcohol to render it more fusible, when it is 7 3o ready for the mold or die.

The molds or dies are of any convenient construction' adapted to the performance of the duty imposed upon them. The material is introduced and subjected to an even continuous pressure of, say', two tous-to the square inch, at a temperature of, say, from 250 to 275 Fahrenheit, the pressure being continued for,

say, from five to twenty ininutes,according to the thickness of the article and other circum- 40' stances, the essential consideration being, as hereinbefore' stated, the' effectual welding of the material.

The method just described maybe modified without 'prejudicingthe result by substituting for the aqueous solution of shellac and borax a solution consisting of four parts of bleached shellac and sixteen parts of an aqueous solution of. ammonia of a specific gravity of .995.

When the ammoniacal solution is made use of, the acid may be entirely dispensed with,

if preferred.

\Vhen the bone-dust. alone is used itis subjected 'to the action of the heated dies in any convenient manner.

It has been customary heretofore to solidify pulverized or granulated born or hoof by subjecting them to pressure in heated dies. Bonedust has also been combined with collodiou and with gums and gum-resins and the compounds pressed in dies heated to a proper temperature, the degree of heat, however, be-

ing insufiicient to cause the particles .of bone,' to be welded. The patcntto Hyatt and Blake,

No. 89,582, dated May 4, 1869, describes a process of producing a compact and homogeneous quality of ivory by forming collodion and i very-dust into a plastic mass and submitting the same to molds which are subjected to heat and pressure. The pressure forces the particles ot' ivory-dust into a close union wi'thout' welding them, while the heat, causes evaporation; but in no instance, as far as we are aware, has pulverized bone been welded, as distinguished from agglutinated, in heated dies or molds, either alone or in combination with a water-repellent. I

If desired, the acid and water-repellent may be dispensed with and the bone-dust molded alone, in which event the bone-dust will be introduced into the molds or dies and-treated in the-same manner as the composition in which a water-repellent and an acid are employed, as hereinbet'orc described.

B y the term wa-ter-repellen t, as herein used, we mean a substance which, when united with the bone-dust and molded, will operate to prevent moisture from injuriously affecting the article.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent; is-

1. A materialconsistingot' bone-dust welde't by heat and pressure, substantially;as described.

2. A material consisting wholly orin part of boue dust and a water-repellent welded by heat and pressure, substantially as described.

3. A process of producing the material hereinbet'ore described, in which bone-dust: and a suitable water-repellentare combined and the result welded by heat and pressure, substantially as specified;

4. Aprocess in which bone-dust and a waterrepellent; are welded by heat and pressure, the welding being facilitated by means of an acid, substantially as described. k

5. The process of producing the material hereinbet'orc described, which-consists in combining, in the proportions hereinbetbre set forth, bone-dust, a solution of gum, and a crystallizable acid, evaporating the solventswhich carry the gum and acid, and subjecting the result to heat, and pressure, substantially as set forth.

6. The process hereinbcforcdescribed.which consists-in combining bone-dust and an ammoniacal solution ot'gum,evaporatingthe selveuts which carry the gum, and subjecting the result. to heat and pressure, substantially as described.

JOHN W. HYATT. CHAS. S. LOUKWOOD.

JOHN H. STEVENS.

Witnesses:

J. \VILLIAM Foncn, ABRAHAM MANNERs.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 236,034, granted December 28,

I u e I n l 1880, for an improvement in Faetltious Material to imitate Ivory, Horn, &c., upon the ap jrlicatio n of John WV; Hyatt, Charles S. Lockwood mm John H. Stevens, of

Newark, N. J., to The Bonsilate Cmirpzmy of smne place as assignee, the Words same place, indicating the residence of the ussignee, were erroneously used and written in line '9 of said Letters Patent, irnd rinted at the heard of the Specification attached to and tbrming a part of sziid Letters Patent instead of the Words New York that the proper corrections have beenfmade in the files and records of the Patent- Oflire, and are hereby made in said Letters Patent.

Signed, ennntersigned,and sealed this 18th da-y of February, A. l). 1881.

[SEALL] I A. BELL,

I A'et'iny Secretary of flu: Interior. Umintersignedz i E. M.' MARBLE,

' Commissioner of .Iuhrntx. 

